Garden pests
or garden blessed !
within an organic permaculture system
insects, whether harmless or garden pests, are often attracted to flowers
free picture (C) christian nitu from dreamstime stock photos
Pesky garden pests
One way to balance pests in the garden is to learn how to build an insect garden. I'll explain some things I learned about garden pests when I recently attended a lovely workshop by Saskia Schelling (saskia@gardencoach.co.za) and Karen Parkin (permaperson@gmail.com) who regularly give permaculture workshops in Saskia's "lab" or garden, and elsewhere.
In this fourth article in a series of five on companion planting in permaculture, I'll show how companion planting can help with pests, and if not, using other organic methods of saving your organic vegetables. At the end of the page I'll link you to the other articles in the series.
When planning vegetable gardens, integrate the herb garden design, because herbs have potent perfumes which can repel, confuse and lure pests away from your organic vegetables.
The cabbage butterfly reveals the complex life of garden pests
Nasturtiums are reputed to repel some insects, but they attract others, like the caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly. Thus they serve as a 'trap crop' or plantings which entice garden pests away from your main edible crops like cabbages. They are also edible, and can be used in salads and pickles.
The cabbage butterfly’s predators
attracted by flowers !
As discussed, the trap crop for cabbage butterfly is nasturtium. Planted with yarrow there is a double benefit. Wasps which parasitize cabbage butterfly are attracted by yarrow flowers, and so is another wasp, the paper wasp, which eats the caterpillar. The first wasps mentioned lay their larvae in the caterpillar’s body, and they hatch and devour all its nonessential organs, until they are ready to emerge. This gory story Karen has observed meticulously by catching the caterpillars and taking them to an agricultural researcher.
The uses of fences for larger 'garden pests', or uninvited guests
The vegetable area in Saskia's garden had a number of fences. In accordance with permaculture principles they are all multipurpose. Firstly they keep chickens out of the veggies. But the chickens are let out of their area under the banana trees for spells. They may wander and scratch in the food forest, where they eat the parasites, weed seeds, and fertilize the forest. Chickens like the vegetable patch and will destroy it quickly, as they need greens. Their destructiveness can be tempered, and their nutritional needs met by giving them a hanging bouquet of veggie leaves in their inclosure. Don’t just throw the leaves on the ground, they can get at them better when they are hanging.
Fences can double up as tomato trellises, and create a garden room.
Invasive plants
Plants can also be pests, when they get out of the garden for example. The forests on Table Mountain are full of 'escaped' garden plants and some have become a problem. Privet and Sesbania to name a few, but those with berries are like a wildfire and can be spread in bird droppings over huge gaps. Although Permaculture as a discipline is absolutely perfect in every other way, I have major differences with it concerning the use of invasive plants.
Guavas, mulberries and granadillas are fruiting plants with seeds eaten by birds, and which are invasive, and regulations about where they may be planted are there because their seed is spread by birds across huge distances, and cannot be controlled, so make sure you read up on this and consider it in the integrated whole.
the snail trial
To truly get rid of snails, nothing helps like hunting them. Collect them off brassicas at night with a head lamp says Saskia and feed them to ducks, chickens or I would add koi fish, which suck them out of the shells in seconds.
Do not worry about the work involved. Parasites come in waves, you will be able to sleep from time to time.
Then there is the third way, letting nature take care of them in the form of our indigenous carnivorous snails.. brilliant.
Introducing crop rotation
Microscopic and macroscopic pests can become problematic due to repeated planting in the same soil. Furthermore gardening science generally warns of the depletion of some nutrients with repeated planting, those that the particular plant needs. However, we have to look at scale. When you are talking a about extensive monocropping you can not apply the same rules to a diverse permaculture garden.
Saskia says they don’t need much crop rotation because her planting is so diverse, but they are thinking of trying it and only a small strip is being rotated on the outer rim of the veggie garden. The correct sequence would be first heavy then light feeders, such as first brassicas, then carrots. The full sequence would be: Legumes (with nitrogen fixing bacterial nodules), then leaf crops like brassicas and lettuce, then fruit crops, and finally root crops. She’s never seen frequent planting of the same plants in sequence cause nutrient deficiency in her permaculture garden, and the only time there was a clear deficiency was with the lemon tree which went yellow, and was revitalized with some epsom salts, volcanic ash and compost.
This is the fourth article out of five on companion planting in permaculture. The first dealt with guilds, the next with antagonism and beneficial plants. Then came planting up the garden and after this I will address the all important question of soil, and how permaculture principles are applied to weed and soil management.
qualifying the marigold's reputation as nematode repellent
FREE PICTURE (C) lakis fourouklas FROM DREAMSTIME STOCK PHOTOS
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home page for other green ideas
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vegetable gardening the natural low cost way
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gardening and where it all started
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link to the next companion planting workshop page on soil treatment
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link to the previous companion planting page on planting a vegetable garden
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